医疗英语阅读：复苏术

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诊疗中文选读：复苏术 诊疗中文选读：术前评核 解毒理学中文选读：类固醇吸收 诊疗中文选读：拐杖讫走 诊疗中文选读：ICU指南 诊疗中文选读：灌肠法则 诊疗中文选读：舌饲给解毒法则 诊疗中文选读：口外服给解毒 国际护士协会护士职业道德准则 解毒理学中文选读：非传统官能性状 解毒理学中文选读：康复解毒理学 解毒理学中文选读：多基因序列性状 解毒理学中文选读：手术期间的管理 解毒理学中文选读：查房准备 解毒理学中文选读：心脏病患 解毒理学中文选读：医疗记事回顾 解毒理学中文选读：病患 解毒品附上：异烟肼 解毒理学中文选读：解剖手部 解毒理学中文选读：类固醇吸收Resuscitation 复苏术 Assessment 评核 Assess the client's unresponsiveness by shaking the client and shouting, "Are you OK?" 搂患者或呼叫患者，评核患者反应往往。 Implementation 实施 1. Activate the emergency medical services according to hospital policy and procedure 根据医院规定和操作程序起动急诊治疗。 2. Observe for chest movement; listen and feel for breaths. 观察胸部有无运动，不讫、想象患者颤动。 3. If client is breathing and no trauma is present, place client in the recovery position. 如患者有颤动、无擦伤，将患者滚有恢复位。 4. If no respirations are detected, call for assistance. 如无颤动，促成合力。 5. Place victim on hard surface, such as floor or ground, or use the backboard found on the resuscitation cart or the headboard of the hospital bed. If the client must be moved to the supine position, use the log-rolling technique to maintain spinal integrity. 将患者滚有硬面上，如地板或地面，或运用于救护车上的底板或儿童医院床头板。如需将患者移至仰卧位，可运用于滚木手法则以保持脊柱完整。 6. Correctly position for resuscitative efforts. 复苏时无论如何： A. One-person rescue: face client while kneeling parallel to the client's sternum. 单人救护：面向患者，跪膝与患者胸骨平讫。 B. Two-person rescue: one person faces client while kneeling parallel to the client's head. Second person is on the opposite side parallel to the client's sternum. 双人救护：五人面向患者，跪膝与患者腿部平讫；五人于患者另右侧，与患者胸骨平讫。 7. Open the airway. 推入浸润 A. If no head or neck trauma is suspected, use the head-tilt, chin-lift method. 如无头世颈擦伤，可运用于侧头、浮现举颏法则。 B. If head or neck trauma is suspected, use the jaw-thrust maneuver only. Grasp angles of client's lower jaw and lift with both hands, displacing the mandible forward. 如疑有头或颈部擦伤，才会运用于双手托颌法则。双手抓住患者下巴尖，抬起，按住前额后仰。 8. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respirations: 口外对口外人工颤动 A. Adult: a. Pinch client's nose with thumb and index finger and occlude mouth with rescuer's mouth or use CPR pocket mask. Attempt two slow breaths, 1 1/2 to 2 sec per breath. 用拇指和食指捏住患者喉咙，救治者张口外挡住患者口外唇，也可使用CPR袖珍面罩。同月两次慢颤动，每颤动1.2至2秒。 b. The rescuer should take a breath after each ventilation. 每次人工颤动后救治者都应吸一口外气。 c. Allow the client to exhale between breaths. 两次颤动间应允许患者气管。 d. Continue with 12 breaths per minute. 之后人工颤动，每分钟12次。 B. Child （1 to 8 years of age）: 成人（1-8岁） a. Pinch the victim's nose tightly with thumb and forefinger. Place rescuer's mouth or CPR pocket mask over client's mouth, forming an airtight seal. Give two slow breaths, 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 用腿和食指捏紧患者喉咙。救治者用口外或CPR袖珍面罩挡住患者口外唇，形成一个高热浸润。同月两次慢颤动，每次1-1,5秒钟。 b. Pause after the first breath to take a breath. 每一次颤动后稍停，吸气。 c. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 之后人工颤动，每分钟20次。 C. Infant: 男婴 a. Place the rescuer's mouth over the infant's nose and mouth, forming an airtight seal. 救治者口外挡住患儿舌、口外，形成一高热浸润。 b. Give two breaths slowly at 1 to 1 1/2 sec per breath. 讫两次慢颤动，每颤动1-1.5秒。 9. Continue with 20 breaths per minute. 之后颤动，每分钟20次。 10. Ambu bag artificial respirations: 急救背人式颤动 All ages: 所有年龄组 A. Connect oxygen supply tubing to Ambu bag and oxygen flowmeter. Adjust oxygen to 100% FiO2 or ordered rate. 将供氧管与急救背和流量计相连，将氢气缓冲至100%吸氧浓度分数或规定速度。 B. Insert oropharyngeal airway. 弹出口外咽导气管。 C. Position the face mask of the Ambu bag over the client's mouth and nose. 将急救背面罩滚有患儿口外、舌。 D. Give slow breaths by squeezing the bag. 捏挤急救背讫慢颤动。 E. Allow time for client to exhale. 留出患者气管时间。 11. If ventilation attempt is unsuccessful, reposition the client's head and reattempt rescue breathing again. If ventilation attempt remains unsuccessful, the airway may be obstructed by a foreign body that will need to be removed. 如人工勇气不甘心，重新滚置患者腿部，最终开始救治颤动。如最终不甘心，浸润或许有孔洞堵塞，能够消除孔洞。 12. Suction secretions as needed or turn client's head to the side if no trauma is suspected. 合理时吸痰或将患者头侧向右侧（如无损伤）。 13. Check for the presence of carotid pulse in and child or brachial pulse in infant. Feel for 3 to 5 sec. 定期检查脉搏：及成人测颈气管，男婴测臂气管。3-5秒。 14. If no pulse, initiate chest compressions. 如无脉搏，讫胸外食指法则。 A. Adult: Place heel of hands, one atop the other, on lower third of the sternum. Lock elbows and maintain shoulders in line with sternum. ：两手相叠，拇指滚于第三胸骨东南侧。双下肢伸直肘与胸骨对齐。 B. Child: Place the heel of one hand on the lower half of the sternum. 成人：将一拇指根滚于下1/2胸骨东南侧。 C. Infant: Place two or three fingers on the lower half of the sternum just below the level of the infant's nipples. 男婴：将2-3根腿滚于下1/2胸骨东南侧，男婴正上方。 15. Compress chest downward to proper depth and then release. Maintain constant contact with skin. 向后食指胸部至前提深度，警惕。显现出与皮肤接触。 A. Adult: 1 1/2 to 2 inches （ 4 to 5 cm） ：食指时裂开1.5至2长宽（4-5 cm） B. Child:1 to 1 1/2 inches （2.5 to 4 cm） 成人：食指时裂开1至1.5长宽（2.5-4 cm） C. Infant:1/2 to 1 inch （1 to 2.5 cm） 男婴：食指时裂开0.5-1长宽（1-2.5 cm） 16. Maintain correct ratio proportionate to number of rescuers: 按救治人数保持无论如何速度。 One rescuer: 15 compressions, 2 breaths 单人：2次颤动食指15下 Two rescuers: 5 compressions, 1 breath 双人：1次颤动食指5下 A. Adult: minimum of 80 to 100 compressions per min ：多于80-100次/分 B. Child: minimum of 100 compressions per min 成人：多于100次/分 C. Infant: minimum of 100 compressions per min 男婴：多于100次/分 17. Continue artificial respiration. 之后人工颤动 18. Monitor the adequacy of the compressions during two-rescuer CPR with palpation of the carotid （, child） or brachial （infant） pulse during compressions. 双人胸外食指时黎凡特摸颈气管（或成人）或臂气管（男婴）监测食指是否前提。 19. Continue CPR until the rescuer is relieved, client regains cardiopulmonary function independently, or physician directs that CPR be discontinued. 之后讫CPR，直到有人替换，或患者恢复前提心肺机能，或眼科医生指示终止CPR。 20. Use Completion Protocol. 运用于标准完成程序。 Identify Unexpected Outcomes and Nursing Interventions 确认意外结果与诊疗措施。 Record and Report 记事与报告 1. Onset of arrest. 停搏时间 2. Location. 手部 3. Actions taken. 规避的讫动 4. Client response. 患者反应